Resources
References
Allen, William Francis, Charles Pickard Ware, and Lucy McKim Garrison, eds. (1867) 1965. Slave Songs of the United States. Reprint, New York: Oak Publications.
Cox, Donna M. 2020. "The Power of a Song in a Strange Land." The Conversation. Accessed February 4, 2021. https://theconversation.com/the-power-of-a-song-in-a-strange-land-129969.
Dargan, William T. and Janice S. Dargan. 1987. "Toward a Critical Biography: The Singing Life of C. J. Johnson (1913-) Preliminary Considerations." Black Music Research Journal 7: 83-104.
Dargan, William T. Lining Out the Word: Dr. Watts Hymn Singing in the Music of Black Americans. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Epstein, Dena. 1977. Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Epstein, Dena. 1983. "A White Origin for the Black Spiritual? An Invalid Theory and How It Grew." American Music 1, no. 2: 53-9.
Gates, Jr., Henry Louis. 2021. The Black Church: This Is Our Story, This Is Our Song. New York: Penguin Press.
Guenther, Eileen. 2016. In Their Own Words: Slave Life and the Power of the Spirituals. St. Louis, MO: MorningStar Music Publishers Inc.
Harding, Vincent. 1981. There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company.
Johnson, James Weldon, ed. and J. Rosamond Johnson, arr. 1925. The Book of American Negro Spirituals. New York: Viking Press.
Johnson, James Weldon, ed. and J. Rosamond Johnson, arr. 1926. The Second Book of American Negro Spirituals. New York: Viking Press.
Jones, Arthur. 1993. Wade in the Water: The Wisdom of Spirituals. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Levine, Lawrence. 1977. Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Locke, Alain. (1936) 1969. The Negro and His Music. Reprint, New York: Arno Press.
Lovell, Jr., John. 1986. Black Song: The Forge and The Flame. New York: Paragon House Publishers.