Resources
- The African Art Song Alliance
- Ruminations on the Center for Black Music Research
- 9 Black composers who changed the course of classical music history
- Why Is American Classical Music So White?
- Black Scholars Confront White Supremacy in Classical Music
- Classical Musicians of African Descent
- 10 Contemporary Black Classical Composers
- Music by Black Composers
- James Monroe Trotter
- Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield (1819-1876)
- Black Opera Research Network
References
"A Choice Collection of the Works of Francis Johnson: Preface." 1983. In A Choice Collection of the Works of Francis Johnson by F. Johnson, C. K. Jones, & L. K. Greenwich. New York, NY: Point Two Publications.
Banfield, William C. 2003. Musical Landscapes in Color: Conversations with Black American Composers. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Banfield, William C. 2004. "Black Artistic Invisibility: A Black Composer Talking 'Bout Taking Care of the Souls of Black Folk While Losing Much Ground Fast." Journal of Black Studies, 35(2), 195-209. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4129301.
Banfield, William C. 2004a. Black Notes: Essays of a Musician Writing in a Post-Album Age. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Brooks, Tilford. 1984. America's Black Musical Heritage. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Burns, Alex. 2020. "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor 'Deep River': Exploring Heritage" (June 19). Classicalexburns. https://classicalexburns.com/2020/06/19/samuel-coleridge-taylor-deep-river-exploring-heritage/.
Ciucevich, David. n.d. "About This Recording: William Grant Still (1895-1978), Symphony No. 1 'Afro-American' (1930) / In Memoriam: The Colored Soldiers Who Died for Democracy (1943) / Africa (1930)." Naxos. Accessed December 6, 2021. https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.559174.
"Civic Life." 2020. God's Little Acre: America's Colonial African Cemetery. Accessed July 12, 2021. https://www.colonialcemetery.com/african-names/.
"Classical Musicians of African Descent." n.d. WXXI Classical. Accessed July 8, 2021. https://www.classical915.org/topic/classical-musicians-african-descent
Duffie, Bruce. 1987. "Composer Hale Smith and Composer T. J. Anderson: A Conversation with Bruce Duffie," interview by Bruce Duffie. BruceDuffie.com (January 26). Accessed July 9, 2021. http://www.bruceduffie.com/halesmith.html.
Floyd Jr., Samuel A. 2009. "Ruminations on the Center for Black Music Research: The 2008 Trotter Lecture." College Music Symposium, 49/50, 9-17.
"Justin Holland." n.d. Wikiwand. Accessed July 14, 2021. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Justin_Holland.
Kenety, Brian. 2021. "Antonín Dvořák's 'New World Symphony' - an 'American' Anthem That Delighted, Divided a Nation (Pt.1)." Radio Prague International (February 2). https://english.radio.cz/antonin-dvoraks-new-world-symphony-american-anthem-delighted-divided-a-nation-8709481.
Kimball, Carol. 2006. A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milkwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard.
Lovell, John. 1972. Black Song: The Forge and The Flame. New York: Macmillan.
Mack, Dwayne. 2010. "Francis Johnson (1792-1844)." BlackPast.org (November 15). https://www.Blackpast.org/african-american-history/johnson-francis-1792-1844/.
Mann, Matthew, producer. 2018. About Gateways Music Festival. University of Rochester Communications. Accessed July 8, 2021. https://youtu.be/tIoPnOtj_wQ.
Miller, John F. n.d. "Newport Gardner: From Slave to Musical Composer." Smallstatebighistory.com. Accessed July 12, 2021. http://smallstatebighistory.com/newport-gardner-from-slave-to-musical-composer/.
Raptosh, Diane. 1988. "The Black Music Repertory Ensemble." The Black Perspective in Music, 16(1), 121-127. doi:10.2307/1215137.
Reese, Linda W. "Florence Beatrice Smith Price (1887-1953)." BlackPast, May 19, 2021. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/price-florence-beatrice-smith-1887-1953/.
Schwarz, K. Robert. 1990. "Composers Who Had to Triumph over Prejudice." New York Times (April 15). Accessed July 13, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/15/arts/recordings-composers-who-had-to-triumph-over-prejudice.html.
Southern, Eileen. 1983. Readings in Black American Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Southern, Eileen. 1997. The Music of Black Americans: A History. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton.
Shirley, Wayne. 1997. "The Coming of 'Deep River.'" American Music, 15(4), 493-534. doi:10.2307/3052384.
Trotter, James Monroe. (1881) 2009. Music and Some Highly Musical People. Boston: Lee and Shepard, Publishers. Accessed July 13, 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/28056/28056-h/28056-h.htm#Page_341.
Wiggins, Teisha Dynell. 2011. "Thomas "Blind Tom" Wiggins - Battle of Manassas (1861)" (June 25). Accessed July 14, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6vLl-55szE.
Wright, Josephine R. B. 2015. "Chapter 8: Art/Classical Music." In African American Music: An Introduction, edited by M. V. Burnim & P. K. Maultsby, 138-159. New York, NY: Routledge.