Funk 2
The more widespread use of the terms “funk” and “funky” in a musical context came with the hardbop jazz of the late 1950s, celebrated in titles such as Horace Silver’s “ Opus De Funk ” (1953). Musically, however, except for syncopation, very little linked Silver’s music and a standard funk recording from the 1960s, such as Dyke and the Blazers’ “ Funky Broadway ” (1967). For example, “Opus De Funk” is an instrumental piece with improvisations with the twelve-bar blues progressionA succession of chords/harmony organized within twelve measures. as the harmonic framework, whereas “Funky Broadway” is a vocal song that talks about a street, club name, and dance of the same name (funky Broadway). Later, funk became linked to African American culture and politics in pieces such as James Brown's " Say It Loud, I'm Black and Proud " (1968), Sly Stone's " Don't Call Me Nigger, Whitey " (1969), and Parliament's " Chocolate City " (1975), which openly portrayed Black pride and criticized racism.
The stylistic beginnings of funk are generally associated with the highly energized rhythm and blues and soul of the James Brown Band in the mid-1960s, especially through songs such as " I Got You " (1965), " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag " (1965), and " Cold Sweat "(1967). James Brown is known for his innovative approaches to rhythm. Watch his appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show (the most popular variety entertainment program on television at this time) on May 1, 1966.
James Brown "Medley: Papa's Got A Brand New Bag & I Got You (I Feel Good)" on The Ed Sullivan Show [ 00:00-00:00 ]
Funk shares musical characteristics with its predecessors, and successors. Of particular note concerning funk's similarity with rhythm and blues is the use of the twelve-bar blues progression in " I Got You" and " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag ." Likewise, funk music inherited soul and gospel music's characteristics, including vamping, in songs such as "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and " Cold Sweat." The table on the next page presents these stylistic similarities.