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TIMELINE
Timeline of Important Events Related to Black Codes and Jim Crow
Year | Event | Legacy/Significance |
---|---|---|
1863 | Emancipation Proclamation | The document that helped free the slaves. |
1865 | Reconstruction begins | Reconstruction refers to the period after the Civil War when the economy and social structures were rebuilt. |
1865 | Black Codes | Laws passed on state and local levels to restrict the civil rights and civil liberties of Black people. |
1866 | Ku Klux Klan (KKK) | The Klan is a hate group organization whose purpose is to protect the rights and interests of White Americans. |
1870-1871 | Enforcement Acts | These acts were meant to protect the rights of Southern Blacks following the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution as part of Reconstruction. |
1875 | Civil Rights Act | This act guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in public accommodations. Declared unconstitutional in 1883 by the U.S. Supreme Court. |
1876 | Jim Crow Era | The Jim Crow Era is a historical period between 1877 and the mid-1960s characterized by a racial class system where laws were designed to benefit Whites only. It operated primarily, but not exclusively, in Southern and border states. |
1877 | End of Reconstruction | |
1883 | Civil Rights Act declared unconstitutional | |
1896 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Homer Plessy, a Black man, boarded a white train car and refused to get off. This case went to Supreme Court. The decision of the case was "separate but equal." |
1898 | Wilmington Race Riot | White supremacists illegally seize power from a legitimately elected biracial government in Wilmington, North Carolina. |
1906 | Atlanta Race Riot | Mass civil disturbance in Atlanta, Georgia. The cause was the rising tension between White and Black people competing for jobs, the desire for civil rights, Reconstruction, and the gubernatorial election of 1906. |
1909 | Founding of the NAACP | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded by William English Walling. |
1921 | Tulsa Race Massacre | A massacre during a large-scale civil disorder confined mainly to the racially desegregated Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma. |
1954 | Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas | Many argued that public schools did not give Black and White children equal education opportunities, and Oliver L. Brown wanted an equal education. As a result of this case, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, saying separate is not equal. |
1965 | "End" of Jim Crow Era |